LIVING FUEL Rx™ INGREDIENTS

This document provides complete descriptions of the ingredients contained in Living Fuel Rx Super Greens and Living Fuel RxSuper Berry.

Brown Rice Protein (Organic and/or Non-GMO) (Super Greens & Super Berry)

The rice protein in Living Fuel Rx is extracted using a proprietary enzyme process starting from California grown non-genetically modified rice. Our rice protein is processed without the use of acids, bases or other chemicals. In addition, the protein content of the extracted product is over 70%. That is substantially higher than other extraction methods (less than 53%) which leave a much higher percentage of carbohydrate in the end product.

The protein of brown rice contains all of the essential amino acids, but it is somewhat low in the amino acid lysine. The pea protein described below tends to have more than sufficient lysine, but it is somewhat low in methionine and cysteine, which the rice protein has in abundance. Thus, the combination of these two protein sources provides a more complete protein profile.

Pea Protein (Non-GMO) (Super Greens and Super Berry)

The pea protein powder used in Living Fuel Rx contains over 82% protein and is a concentrated natural protein fraction of yellow peas with a low level of denaturation and very high solubility. It is a non-GMO protein powder.

Pea protein offers a relatively complete amino acid profile, which is complementary to brown rice protein (see discussion above). The methods used to extract the pea protein used in Living Fuel Rx are strictly mechanical - no harsh chemicals are used in the process. Furthermore, all of the anti-nutritional factors that may be found in high levels in protein sources such as soy, are extremely low in pea protein. In fact, pea protein is now being used to produce infant formulas.

Organic Berry Complex (Super Berry only)

The berry complex in Living Fuel Rx is a proprietary blend of organic strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, and cranberries. Berries contain many powerful phytochemicals that can improve health. They are high in fiber and relatively low in sugar, and will not lead to surges to insulin when eaten in moderation.

Blueberries - The berries of the blueberry plant (vaccinium angustfolium) exhibit among the highest levels of antioxidant activity of all fruits and vegetables. In particular, they contain the polyphenol anthocyanin (a pigment that gives fruits their red, purple and dark blue colors). Anthocyanins are powerful flavonoid antioxidants that help protect the body from free radical damage and diseases associated with aging. Blueberries contain not only 25-30 different types of anthocyanins, but also chlorogenic acid (believed to be a cancer inhibitor), and the pigment cyanidin (an anti-inflammatory). Blueberries contain silicon (an element believed to be helpful for the pancreas) and are considered to be helpful for diabetes.

Blueberries also have been effective for many health conditions, and may protect the body against age related declines in neural and cognitive functions, short-term memory loss, macular degeneration of the retina, and urinary tract infections (due to compounds that inhibit the adherence of bacteria to uroepithelial walls). Moreover, there is evidence that blueberries may improve glucose metabolism via the action of chlorogenic acid, serve as a powerful anti-inflammatory agents (useful against arthritis and other inflammatory conditions), and reduce the risk of certain cancers.

The antioxidant power of foods is measured in ORAC units (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity), which indicate the total amount of a food’s antioxidant capacity. High ORAC values indicate greater antioxidant capacity. High-ORAC foods may therefore protect cells from oxidative damage.Two studies have shown that eating high-ORAC fruits and vegetables (or doubling the intake of fruits and vegetables) elevates the antioxidant capacity of the blood 13-25% (see Jrnl of Clinical Nutrition 68: 1081-87). When ORAC values for 40 fruits and vegetables were measured by the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service at its Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, fresh blueberries scored the near the top, having 2,400 ORAC units per 100 grams (3.5 ounces). Serum levels of anthocyanins found in blueberries have been shown to rise significantly after ingestion of freeze-dried blueberry powder and correlate with an increase in serum antioxidant capacity as measured in ORAC units (Mazza et al., Jrnl of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50 (26): 7731-37; 2002).

Cranberries - Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) are native to the boggy regions of temperate and subalpine North America and Europe. Although Native Americans used them extensively, they were first cultivated in the U.S. in the early 19th century. Cranberries grow on viney plants belonging to the heath family Ericaceae that also includes blueberries, bilberries, huckleberries, and bearberries (Arctostaphylos uva ursi). Cranberries contain tannins, fiber, anthocyanins (and other flavonoids), and Vitamin C. Their tannins prevent bacteria from attaching to cells. Consequently, cranberries have been used against infections, including urinary tract infections. In addition, cranberries may be helpful in protecting against heart disease, stroke and certain forms of cancer. Cranberries are an especially good source of antioxidant polyphenols. In animal studies, the polyphenols in cranberries have been found to decrease levels of total cholesterol and so-called “bad” cholesterol. Cranberries may also inhibit the growth of cancer cells in human breast tissue and lower the risk of both stomach ulcers and gum disease.

Raspberries - Raspberries (and blackberries) belong to the rose family (Rosaceae). The red raspberry was first cultivated in Europe about 400 years ago. There are several varieties native to North America, including a black raspberry native to southern states (that has been crossed with European varieties) and a red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) from which originate most commercially grown varieties. Raspberries contain anthocyanins, fiber (including the cholesterol lowering soluble form pectin), phytochemicals (ellagic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid), calcium, and vitamins A, C, and E. Ellagic acid is known to be antiviral, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and antimutagenic. It has been shown to inhibit the mutation of cells and to prevent the binding of carcinogens to DNA. Raspberries have 1,220 ORAC units per 100 grams (3.5 ounces), among the highest of the forty fruits and vegetables tested by the USDA.

Strawberries - Strawberries long have grown wild in the world’s temperate regions. They have been cultivated for several thousand years and were prized among the ancient Romans. Most of the common varieties of strawberry derive from a hybrid (Frangaria x ananassa). Strawberries have an ORAC value of 1,540, which is very high among the fruits and vegetables tested by the USDA.They are a good source of vitamins C, K, B-2, B-5, B-6, and folate. They also contain appreciable amounts of the minerals manganese, iodine, and potassium, as well as dietary fiber. Like other berries, the antioxidants contained in strawberries may be useful against diseases of the heart and arteries by preventing the oxidation of lipids. The phytonutrient phenols most abundant in strawberries are anthocyanins and ellagitannins. The anthocyanins help to prevent oxidative damage from free radicals in body. The unique phenol profile of the strawberry enables it not only to protect the heart, but also to fight inflammation and cancer. Studies have shown that strawberries also protect the brain from oxidative stress and may therefore reduce age-related cognitive decline in brain function.

Stabilized Brown Rice Bran (pesticide-free) (Super Greens and Super Berry)

Our producer of the stabilized brown rice bran in Living Fuel Rx has created a process that reliably inactivates the lipase in rice bran while retaining the rest of the food's chemistry. This is done with a mechanical extrusion process that forces the grain to deform as it squeezes through small openings in a metal die. The high rate of deformation during extrusion causes just the right amount of internal heating for the precise amount of time needed to inactivate the lipase.

During the process a number of other variables have to be carefully controlled, and some of the processes involved are proprietary trade secrets. The result is a stabilized rice bran product that retains most of the vital nutrients of fresh rice bran, but has a shelf life measured in years rather than hours.

Analysis of the rice bran in Living Fuel Rx has shown the presence of over 75 nutrients. Some of the key nutritional elements are:

• Gamma oryzanol, beta sitosteryl ferulate, and five other related compounds. These are potent antioxidants and trace nutrients that play a vital role in many aspects of human physiology. Gamma oryzanol is found only in rice bran and has been used successfully in dealing with female hormone imbalances.

• Tocopherols and Tocotrienols - These include all of the eight known forms of Vitamin E including d-alpha tocopherol. The importance of the other forms is probably at least equal to that of the alpha form.

• Polyphenols including ferulic acid, alpha-lipoic acid, and four others. Lipoic acid plays an important role in sugar metabolism at the cellular level and is a powerful antioxidant. Ferulic acid is a powerful antioxidant as well.

• The important minerals magnesium, calcium, and phosphorous, as well as, manganese and other trace minerals. Minerals are involved in all of the enzyme functions of the body including those involved in energy production.

• Phytosterols, including beta sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and at least eleven more. Phytosterols have been shown to prevent the absorption of cholesterol, support healthy prostate function, and help to build immune function.

• Carotenoids, including beta-carotene, alpha carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and more. Although beta-carotene is commonly sold as a single-ingredient supplement, alpha-carotene may in fact be more important. Lycopene is responsible for some of the recent health claims relating to tomatoes and lutein and zeaxanthin play key roles in retinal function.

• Essential amino acids including tryptophan, histidine, methionine, cysteine, cystine, and arginine. Amino acids are the body’s raw materials for building all of its enzymes, DNA, RNA, and connective tissue.

• Nine B-vitamins supporting the body’s metabolic machinery, polysaccharides known among other functions to support immunity, and phospholipids. Phospholipids are vital to maintaining healthy cell membranes.

• Lecithin which contains the important phospholipids phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl serine. For a more in-depth discussion, see the section on High Phosphatide Lecithin and Choline below.

• Seven identified enzymes, including coenzyme Q10 (involved in energy production - see the section on Antioxidants in Living Fuel Rx below for further details on coenzyme Q10) and superoxide dismutase (an important antioxidant).

Organic Barley Grass Powder (Super Greens only)

The nutritional concentration of cereal grasses depends on where they are grown, when they are harvested, and how they are processed and stored. Our grower follows all the quality control safeguards that 75 years of research have proved essential for maximum nutritional concentration.

• Our barley grass is organically grown without herbicides or pesticides in rich farmland soil. This fertile, mineral abundant farmland soil is located in the perfect climate for cereal grasses. Cereal grasses planted in the fall and grown through the winter are nutritionally superior because the grasses grow slowly and develop naturally in an ideal climate.

• The barley grass contained in Living Fuel Rx is harvested just prior to jointing. Many years of research clearly establishes the fact that the highest levels of nutrients occur during this period and that there is no gluten contained in the product when it is harvested at this point in the growing cycle. Furthermore, our grower uses direct cutting so that the leaves never touch the ground and are moved quickly (within an hour) to dehydrators.

• Our grower uses specially designed, low temperature dehydrators that help to keep maximum nutrient levels. The dehydrator is a triple bypass drum dehydrator, through which the grass leaves fly for 2-3 seconds. This processing method ensures that the cell temperature of the leaf never gets high enough to degrade heat sensitive nutrients such as beta-carotene and enzymes.

Organic Chia Seeds (Super Greens and Super Berry)

A key reason that we include chia seeds in Living Fuel Rx is to provide essential fatty acids. Chia seeds contain oil amounts varying between 32-39%, with the oil offering the highest natural percentage of alpha-linolenic fatty acid known (60-63%). Alpha-linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid that, in the human body, acts as a substratum for the transformation into EPA and DHA through the action of desaturation and elongation enzymes. In addition, the seeds contain some omega-6 essential fatty acids as well, and have a favorable omega-3 to omega-6 ratio of 3:2. Modern diets contain too little omega-3 fatty acids. The 5 gram amount we have included in the meal replacement formula contains about 1 gram of alpha-linolenic acid per serving.

• Chia seed possesses 19-23% protein. Furthermore, the amino acids of chia protein have no limiting factors in the adult diet, (i.e., they are a complete protein source having all of the essential amino acids in an appropriate balance). Chia seed also is a good source of B vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, boron, and copper.

• Chia seeds have demonstrated strong antioxidant activity. The most important antioxidants obtained are chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and flavanol glycosides. Since oxidation is significantly delayed, chia shows a great potential within the food industry compared to other alpha-linolenic acid sources, such as flax seeds, which exhibit rapid decomposition due a lack of antioxidants.

• The human body digests chia seeds easily. Additionally, the seeds absorb more than seven times their weight in water and form a gel that causes a slow release of carbohydrates and an equally slow conversion of carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar) for energy. The outer layer of chia seeds is rich in mucilloid soluble fiber (the seed possesses 5% soluble fiber). When chia seeds are mixed with water or stomach juices, a gel forms that creates a physical barrier between the carbohydrates and the digestive enzymes that break them down. The carbohydrates are digested eventually, but at a slow and uniform rate. There is no insulin surge necessary to lower the blood sugar level. The water-retaining ability of the gel also helps level out water intake and retains electrolyte balance.

Organic Vegetable Powders (Super Greens only)

Living Fuel Rx contains 2,500 mg of a mixture of the most nutritious organic vegetable powders, including broccoli, kale, spinach, carrot, and beet. This blend of vegetables contains both above ground and below ground vegetables. The amount contained in Living Fuel Rx is equivalent to at least one full serving of fresh vegetables. All of the vegetable powders are processed at the lowest possible temperatures in order to preserve their nutritional value.

High Phosphatide Lecithin (98% oil free and Non-GMO) and Choline

(Super Greens and Super Berry)

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest into the health benefits and dietary requirements of choline and lecithin. Growing evidence now suggests that dietary choline and lecithin are very important for the prevention of many pathologic conditions, and both have been used as a dietary supplement for the purpose of treating or preventing several human diseases including cirrhosis of the liver, arteriosclerosis and certain deficiencies of brain function and memory. In fact, the most recent research has shown that lecithin and choline are essential dietary components for ensuring optimal nutrition, and although they are both sources of choline, they may have different and complementary properties that make it desirable to supplement with both.

Lecithin and its component phosphatidyl choline are known to be essential for liver function. In fact, even a few weeks on a choline-deficient diet has been shown to cause abnormalities in liver function. Studies in primate models of alcohol-induced cirrhosis have shown that lecithin, but not choline, protects the body from alcohol liver damage. This is a particularly important finding, since liver cirrhosis caused by excessive intake of alcohol is the fourth leading cause of death in people 25 to 64 years of age in the U.S.

Choline and lecithin have also been shown to be essential for proper brain development in infants and children. In fact, supplementation of animal diets with choline or lecithin at particular times of brain development has been shown to permanently increase cognitive function. A published study on the effects of choline supplementation on carnitine metabolism (J. W. Daily III and D. S. Sachan, J. Nutr 1995; 125: 1938-44) has shown that choline supplements reduce the urinary excretion of carnitine, through the conservation of skeletal muscle carnitine. In this study it was also suggested that there was an increased capacity of those tissues for fatty acid oxidation, a beneficial effect due to the increased synthesis of carnitine. It is not known to what degree lecithin may have the same effects. Based on the information and research to date, it appears prudent to consume both lecithin and choline to ensure all the benefits of both these sources of dietary choline.

Organic Spirulina (Super Greens only)

Spirulina provides a wide range of delicate phytonutrients with very significant health benefits. Phytonutrients include antioxidants known for giving fruits and vegetables their orange and yellow colors. Nutritionists recommend increasing our intake of phytonutrients to protect against the harmful effects of UV light, pollution, and environmental stress. Just a few grams of Organic Hawaiian Spirulina supplies the phytonutrients contained in a whole salad. To reduce processing losses of these delicate compounds, a special process was developed and patented. The Hawaiian Spirulina in Living Fuel Rx is dried with this process, giving Hawaiian Spirulina much higher levels of phytonutrients and enzymes.

The organic Spirulina contained in Living Fuel Rx is grown with deep ocean seawater as a rich source of magnesium, calcium, and trace elements. This pure deep ocean water is pulled from a depth of 2000 feet and is exceptionally clean. It contains over 90 elements, and has not been in contact with the atmosphere for over 2500 years.

Organic Oat Soluble Beta-Glucan Fiber (Super Greens only)

Living Fuel Rx now contains, a patented proprietary oats-based product enriched with (1-3/1-4) beta-glucans. This oat soluble beta-glucan fiber is produced via a proprietary technology. Oat soluble beta-glucan fiber is a Kosher-certified and an organically processed product that does not contain any additives or preservatives.

• The level of the gluten in the organic oat soluble beta-glucan fiber in Living Fuel Rx is less than 0.2 mg per serving, and is therefore suitable for almost any person with a gluten sensitivity. Living Fuel Rx also contains the enzyme peptidase, which is known to break down gluten.

• Oat soluble beta glucan fiber provides health benefits from its beta-glucan fraction in a hydrocolloid format. A single meal replacement serving of Living Fuel Rx contains over 200 mg of beta-glucans. When used at this level, it qualifies for the FDA approved healthy heart claim, which states, "May lower blood cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of Coronary Heart Disease." In addition to healthy heart benefits, beta-glucans are also well known for their ability to lower the glycemic index of consumed foods, slow sugar absorption, and act as an appetite satiator. Furthermore, beta-glucans are well known immune system enhancers.

• Oat soluble beta glucan was tested in vivo to provide evidence for its physiological activity. According to results collected from four independent studies in vivo, oat soluble beta glucan in long-term use reduced cholesterol level by 27% and LDL level by over 36%. A possible mechanism involves the formation of propionic acid in the colon (through fermentation of beta-glucans) that can partially inhibit HMG CoA reductase - a key enzyme used by the body in the pathways for the production of cholesterol. Other in vivo studies (Obese Zucker Rats) performed with oat soluble beta glucan have shown that it prevents body weight gain by 19% during only two weeks of treatment. In parallel, the level of triglycerides was reduced by 41%. Therefore, this ingredient is another aspect of Living Fuel Rx that may have great value for controlling body-weight gain and triglycerides levels.

Probiocap™ Probiotic Cultures (Super Greens and Super Berry)

The microencapsulation technology Probiocap™ is a new patented technology that protects the viability of the specific probiotics contained in Living Fuel Rx under stressful conditions such as moisture, heat, compression and high acidity. Probiocap™ offers significantly enhanced shelf life, i.e., no degradation of viable organisms even after 10 months of storage at room temperature. Furthermore, this technology provides a product that is up to 10,000 times more resistant to stomach acid than unprotected organisms. Currently, Living Fuel Rx contains Probiocap™L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, and bifidobacteria longum. As they become available we intend to add Probiocap™L. casei and one additional bifidobacteria. The benefits of each of these organisms are described below:

Lactobacillus rhamnosus

As do other lactobacilli that are implantable in the intestinal tract, Lactobacillus rhamnosus accomplishes several important functions, including:

• Creation of a favorable environment for a desirable microbial balance.
• Limitation of the action of putrefactive microbes, thus controlling production of toxins and their noxious effects upon vital organs and body cells.
• Inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and prevention of diseases caused by intestinal infections.
• Hydrolysis of lactose and elimination of lactose intolerance.
• Contribution to intestinal peristalsis and elimination of harmful amines derived from amino-acids.
• Acceleration of the evacuation of excrements.
• Coating of the intestinal mucosa and protection against invasion and activities of harmful microorganisms.
• Increase of immunity by use of lactic acid bacteria is reported by several researchers, who have studied antitumoral activity and activation of immunity.
• Due to its beneficial effects in nutrition (i.e., protection of the digestive tract, inhibition of vaginal infections, production of immunity against pathogenic bacteria and viruses) Lactobacillus rhamnosus may be considered one of the most important lactobacilli, if not the best.
• Lactobacillus acidophilus

According to its newest classification, Lactobacillus acidophilus is a natural inhabitant of human and animal intestinal tracts. It produces DL-lactic acid from carbohydrate fermentation. Its optimum growth temperature is 37 oC. Studies have shown its efficacy in reducing lactose intolerance, inhibiting undesirable microorganisms in the intestine, reducing the level of cholesterol, lessening the proliferation of Candida albicans, as well as controlling diarrhea and undesirable intestinal bacteria.

Results of some recent studies:

• Daily ingestion of 8 oz of yogurt containing L. acidophilus decreased both candidal colonization and infection (Eileen Hilton et al.: 1992).
• L. acidophilus has been found to inhibit Candida albicans on MRS agar. Lactobacillus peroxidase involvement is postulated. (M. Jack et al.: 1990).
• Human strains of L. acidophilus have demonstrated the inhibition in vitro of several species of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria (C.D. Khedkar et al.: 1990).
• L. acidophilus has shown in vitro viricidal effect on human immuno-deficiency virus type I (S.J. Klebanoff and W. Coombs: 1991).
• Bifidobacteria

Bifidobacteria consist of rods of different shapes, are anaerobic, and have an optimum growth temperature of 36-38 oC. They do not grow at pH below 5.5. They exhibit a limited fermentation of carbohydrates, though they ferment lactose, glucose, galactose, fructose and lactulose to acetic and L (+) lactic acids. Bifidobacteria are acid-tolerant and they partly survive passage through gastric juice and reach the intestinal tract. They are normally very abundant in the human colon. In humans, specific species of bifidobacteria are present and their predominance changes according to age. The most important are Bifidobacterium infantis, B. longum, B. breve, B. adolescentis and B. bifidum.

Some of the beneficial effects of bifidobacteria include:

• Maintain balance of normal intestinal flora, especially among the elderly and in children.

• Inhibition of coliforms and clostridia. Administration of a freeze-dried culture of B. bifidum to children suffering from enteric infections has eliminated pathogenic Escherichia coli in 60% of cases.

• Improvement of tolerance to lactose. Moreover, L (+) lactic acid produced by bifidobacteria is easily metabolized, especially by infants, thus preventing metabolic acidosis.

• Prevention of production of toxic amines by putrefactive bacteria.

• Anti-carcinogenic activity.

• Lowering of the serum cholesterol.

• Synthesis of B-complex vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, and pyridoxine) and Vitamin K.

• Lowering of intestinal pH from 7-8 to 5-6.

Herbs Contained in Living Fuel Rx (Super Greens and Super Berry)

The following herbs have been added to Living Fuel Rx to specifically support the function of major body systems and to further enhance the nutrient density of the whole-foods complex.

Organic Marshmallow Root Powder - Marshmallow root helps relieve digestive discomfort and provides mucilage to soothe the digestive tract. Mucilage is a long chain of sugars (polysaccharides) that make a slippery substance when combined with water. Marshmallow is also rich in nutrients and is easy to digest, making it an excellent food during times of digestive discomfort.

Organic Astragalus Powder - Astragalus is derived from the root of a plant (Astragalus Membranaceus) in the pea family. It is an adaptogen, meaning it has a balancing effect on bodily functions. Astragalus is often used to strengthen or tone the body's overall vitality, improve digestion, and support the spleen. Studies confirm it contains medicinally active compounds, including a polysaccharide that stimulates the immune system.

Organic Ginger Powder - Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) is an incredibly active and effective gastrointestinal aid with the following properties: 1) Contains a digestive enzyme whose effectiveness even exceeds that of papain; 2) Stimulates the flow of saliva and increases the concentration of the digestive enzyme amylase in the saliva; and 3) Activates peristalsis and increases intestinal muscle tone. Ginger is also known to be helpful in cases of nausea.

Organic Dandelion Root Powder - Dandelion root enhances the flow of bile, improving such conditions as liver congestion, bile duct inflammation, hepatitis, gallstones, and jaundice.

Standardized Milk Thistle Extract - Extensive research has shown that silymarin - the major component of milk thistle extract - exerts both a protective and restorative effect on the liver and is able to stimulate the growth of new liver cells to replace old damaged cells.

Ginkgo Biloba (Standardized 24/6 extract) - Ginkgo biloba has been shown to act as a memory enhancer in both normal adults as well as in those with cerebral insufficiency. It can be effective against cerebral aging, and has been shown to be an effective nutritional supplement in psychological and behavioral disorders of the elderly and in cognitive disorders secondary to depression. Anti-stress effects have been noted in patients treated with Ginkgo biloba. The free-radical scavenging effects of Ginkgo biloba protect lipid membranes against peroxidation. Ginkgo biloba has been shown to increase peripheral micro-circulation, and may be a useful adjunct in protocols for the treatment of edema, including cerebral edema. Research has shown that Ginkgo biloba supplementation may be helpful for normalizing the vascular system. It may be a useful adjunct in protocols for the congestive symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome and has been shown to be an effective supplement for functional disorders of ischaemic origin in the ear, nose, throat and eye areas. Ginkgo biloba exhibits a strong platelet activation factor inhibition, and those with diabetic retinopathy have shown a good response to Ginkgo biloba. Those with disequilibrium disorders have shown a remarkable response to Ginkgo biloba supplementation. A study with those experiencing arterial erectile dysfunction showed significant benefit from long term Ginkgo biloba supplementation.

Organic Turmeric Root Powder - Turmeric, a polyphenol, contains substances called curcuminoids that are powerful antioxidants, pain relievers, and anti-inflammatories. Curcuminoids have been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity.

Organic Nova Scotia Dulse - The dulse contained in Living Fuel Rx is hand-harvested, low-temperature sun-dried, and immediately milled into a fine powder. The entire harvesting and handling process follows strict organic standards to eliminate possible processing contamination. Analytical testing shows that our dulse contains approximately 30% minerals including over 30 minerals (includes many trace minerals).

Organic Icelandic Kelp - The milled kelp (Laminaria digitata) in Living Fuel Rx grows deep in the cold subtidal waters of northwestern Iceland. This kelp is the only commercially available kelp that is sustainably harvested, dried, milled and bagged following the organic standards of Quality Assurance International. The kelp used in Living Fuel Rx is an excellent source of organic iodine, and the amount included in a meal replacement serving provides a minimum of the recommended daily allowance for iodine.

Antioxidants in Living Fuel Rx (Super Greens and Super Berry)

Antioxidants have been added to optimize the rich and abundant antioxidant profile of the whole food complexes in Living Fuel Rx and to further strengthen its overall nutrient density. The antioxidants in Living Fuel Rx operate synergistically especially as they relate to the body’s ability to quench free radicals in its aqueous (water-based) compartments. Because antioxidants may become free radicals themselves once they have done their job, the body has developed an elaborate system for recovering oxidized antioxidants. For example reduced glutathione is able to reduce oxidized Vitamin C back to its unoxidized state. Vitamin C is able to reduce oxidized Vitamin E back to its unoxidized state and is also able to reduce glutathione and spare it for its other important functions including detoxification and immune enhancement. Many of the polyphenols, such as oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC), anthocyanidins and catechins, found in grape seed and green tea extracts are able to spare Vitamin C and glutathione in the body as well as operate as powerful antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and connective tissue strengtheners. Lipoic acid operates as an antioxidant in both its oxidized and reduced states and is able to reduce both oxidized Vitamin E and Vitamin C and also has been shown to enhance glutathione levels. The antioxidants in Living Fuel Rx have been carefully selected and balanced to provide optimal effect, especially as it relates to free radical protection, detoxification, immune system enhancement, connective tissue strengthening, and reduced inflammation.

Green Tea Catechins (90% polyphenols, 60% ECGC) - Green tea extract is used primarily for its free radical fighting capabilities. Its key ingredient, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), protects against digestive and respiratory infections. It helps block the cancer-promoting actions of carcinogens, ultraviolet light, and metastasis from an original site in the skin, stomach, small intestine, liver or lung. EGCG also reduces platelet aggregation about as much as aspirin. Green tea is very effective in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria that cause food poisoning and increases levels of friendly intestinal bacteria. It also blocks the attachment of the bacteria associated with dental caries to the teeth.

N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) - NAC is a powerful free radical scavenger. A majority of orally ingested NAC rapidly undergoes deacetylation to form L-cysteine, which is necessary for glutathione production. NAC, therefore, has powerful implications for immune function and increasing the body's free-radical trapping capacity. NAC's effectiveness in treating patients with acetaminophen overdose is well documented. NAC has been used with good results in treatment of respiratory illness and diseases such as chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Additionally, NAC has well-known antimucolytic properties, and has been shown to increase mucociliary transport in lungs. Furthermore, NAC adds an additional sulfur containing amino acid to Living Fuel Rx boosting the overall amino acid profile of the rice and pea protein complex.

Grape Seed Extract (>85% OPC) - The grape seed extract in Living Fuel Rx is extracted by ethanol and water and contains the highest percentage of OPCs of any product on the market. OPCs, a class of bioflavonoids, are one of nature’s most powerful free-radical scavengers. As bioflavonoids, OPCs help to increase the effectiveness of Vitamin C. OPCs cross the blood-brain barrier to provide antioxidant protection to central nervous system tissue. Studies have clearly demonstrated that OPCs improve and normalize capillary activity, strengthening capillary walls. OPCs bind to collagen fibers, realigning them in the process to a more youthful, undamaged structure. Elasticity, flexibility, and strength are thereby restored to connective tissue.

Glutathione (Reduced) - Glutathione is considered to be the most powerful, most versatile, and most important of the body’s self-generated antioxidants. Among glutathione’s many important properties are: 1) It neutralizes free radicals and prevents their formation both enzymatically and non-enzymatically; 2) It is one of the strongest anti-cancer agents manufactured by the body; 3) It is able to reduce oxidized Vitamin C and Vitamin E back to their unoxidized state; 4) It plays a key role in Phase I and Phase II liver detoxification reactions; 5) It is involved in nucleic acid synthesis; 6) It plays a role in DNA repair; 7) It maintains the cellular redox potential; 8) It is involved in cellular differentiation and slows the aging process, 9) It is one of the most potent antiviral agents known, and 10) It is involved in maintaining normal brain function.

Quercetin - Quercetin is a bioflavonoid that has been shown to have powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and may be helpful to those suffering from swelling due to injury and from allergic reactions. Also, quercetin is known to reduce viral activity and may be helpful with chronic viral syndromes.

Coenzyme Q10 - In the human body, the primary function of CoQ 10 is to allow the mitochondria to convert food metabolites from the digestive process into energy for the cell. This enzyme, which the body normally produces is found in every cell, but is far more abundant in the cells of the heart, liver, and the immune system. CoQ10 has been shown to be an important fat-soluble antioxidant with the ability to protect and regenerate Vitamin E in cell membranes. Also, CoQ 10 has been shown to stimulate the body's immune defenses.

Alpha Lipoic Acid - Alpha lipoic acid is normally made in the human body, where it functions primarily as an important metabolic nutrient. As such, it plays a crucial role in the metabolism of both fats and carbohydrates into energy. In addition, lipoic acid functions as an extremely powerful antioxidant capable of trapping many different types of free radicals in the body. Because it is both water and fat soluble, lipoic acid is able to operate in a broader range of body tissues than most other antioxidants. Its small size allows lipoic acid to enter areas of the body not easily accessible to many other substances; this allows lipoic acid, for example, to enter the cell nucleus and prevent free-radical damage to DNA. Because it is such a powerful antioxidant and can easily function and exist in both a reduced and oxidized state, lipoic acid is able to protect other important antioxidants such as glutathione, Vitamin E, and Vitamin C. Lipoic acid is also able to chelate heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, free iron, and free copper out of the body.

Complete Multivitamin and Mineral Formula (Super Greens and Super Berry)

The whole foods complex in Living Fuel Rx contains virtually every known nutrient and cofactor needed by the human body. However, to ensure completeness a sophisticated multivitamin, mineral, and cofactor formula has been added to Living Fuel Rx that further optimizes the naturally occurring nutrient profiles and maximizes the nutrient density. The formula incorporates the latest nutritional research and features the highest-quality and most bioavailable forms of vitamins, minerals and cofactors. The formula features:

• A full spectrum of B-complex vitamins mostly in coenzyme forms. This includes B-1 as thiamin diphosphate, B-2 as riboflavin 5-phosphate, B-3 as niacinamide, B-5 as pantothenic acid, Vitamin B-6 as pyridoxal 5-phosphate, folate as folinic acid, B-12 as methylcobalmin, and biotin. The coenzyme vitamin forms are the same as those found in food and are the forms necessary in the body to support the metabolic processes.

• All of the most absorbable and usable forms of the fat-soluble vitamin group including: Vitamin A (as beta-carotene), Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol succinate), Vitamin D-3 (as cholecalciferol), Vitamin K (as phylloquinone).

• A complete and balanced supply of the most abundant carotenoids found in the body, including beta- and alpha- carotene, lycopene, and lutein.

• All of the known essential minerals in forms readily absorbed and recognized by the body including calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, manganese, boron, copper, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and selenium. In addition, Living Fuel Rx contains over 50 trace minerals from inland sea water.

• Mineral carriers such as ascorbates, Krebs cycle bionutrients and amino acids, which provide the body with important metabolic substrates and vitamins including citrate, succinate, alpha-ketoglutarate, fumarate, malate, glycinate, aspartate, ascorbate, and sebacate.

• Extra-high levels of choline and inositol, which play a crucial role in all of the cell membranes of the body and in brain and liver function.

• Exclusion of the prooxidant minerals of iron and iodine that can lead to excessive free-radical production. These are, however, present in reasonable amounts in the whole foods included in Living Fuel Rx.

Living Fuel Rx Taste Enhancing Complex (Super Greens and Super Berry)

Organic FOS (Fructooligosaccharides) - Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are polymers (linked molecules) of fructose, but they do not have any blood sugar effects because they are indigestible except to the gut bacteria. FOS is about 50% as sweet as sucrose. No glycemic (blood sugar) effect is possible because FOS contains only 1% glucose and 4% sucrose. FOS are used by lactic acid bacteria as a fuel which allows the rapid growth of beneficial species such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. These bacteria support the digestive processes in the gut as well as inhibit the growth of pathogens.

Mannitol (USP Grade) - Mannitol is found in abundance in nature, particularly in beets, pumpkin, celery, mushrooms, and onions. Mannitol is a polyol (sugar alcohol) widely used in the food industry because of its unique functional properties. It is about 50% as sweet as sucrose and has a desirable cooling effect often used to mask bitter tastes. Mannitol is non-cariogenic and has a low caloric content. Mannitol is suitable for ingestion and has been used safely around the world for over 60 years. In addition, mannitol is a powerful hydroxyl free-radical scavenger.

Stevia Leaf Extract (debittered) - Stevia is a small green plant with leaves that have a delicious and refreshing taste, which can be 30 times sweeter than sugar in its unprocessed form and over 300 times sweeter than sugar in its extract form. Stevia supports pancreatic function. The extract does not affect blood sugar levels adversely.

Tagatose – Tagatose is a naturally occuring sugar that is approximately as sweet as table sugar (sucrose) but has fewer calories. It is the only FDA approved natural sugar substitute. Tagatose is ideal for diabetics because it has no glycemic effect. Moreover, it is non-cariogenic and promotes intestinal health because it feeds beneficial bacteria in the gut.

Natural Vanilla Extract - This ingredient has been added to Living Fuel Rx to provide a pleasant taste to the product.

Xylitol – Xlylitol is a polyol (sugar alcohol) that is found naturally in most fruits and vegetables. It is also produced in the human body from food sources using established metabolic pathways. Xylitol is approximately as sweet as sugar (sucrose), but is non-glycemic and low in calories. It is highly anticariogenic due to the fact that it actually prevents bacteria from adhering to tooth surfaces. Studies using xylitol as a sugar substitute or dietary supplement have demonstrated significant reductions in tooth decay.

Enzymes to Enhance Nutrient Utilization (Super Greens and Super Berry)

The complexity and significant amounts of proteins and peptides found in Living Fuel Rx requires the combination of multiple proteases to optimize digestion. Proteins are made up of over twenty different amino acids, with each combination presenting different characteristics. Each of the proteolytic enzymes in Living Fuel Rx has different abilities to break the chemical bonds found in the proteins; thus, the combination shows the greatest rate of hydrolysis. Peptidase breaks amino acids off the ends of the peptide chain. Our proprietary enzyme complex contains both amino-peptidase and carboxy-peptidase activities and thus is able to remove amino acids from both ends of the peptide chain. Protease 4.5 and Protease 3.0 break bonds at points within the peptide chain dependent upon their bond specificities. Significant differences in the action of these enzymes have been seen both in the laboratory and in digestive product usage. The pH optima and ranges of these two enzymes are also an important benefit of combining these proteases. Protease 4.5 has an optimal pH of 4.5 (pH range 2.0 to 6.0). Protease 3.0’s has an optimal pH of 3.0 (pH range 2.0 to 7.0). Protease 6.0 has an optimal pH of 6.0 (pH range 4.0 to 11.0). Together these proteases provide proteolytic action throughout the human digestive system.

Because Living Fuel Rx contains a large amount of plant matter, we have added additional enzymes to the formula. Alpha-galactosidase prevents flatulence and/or bloating from a variety of grains, cereals, nuts, seeds, and vegetables that contain the sugars raffinose, stachyose and/or verbascose. This includes all or most legumes and all or most cruciferous vegetables. Cellulase enzymes offer distinct advantages for individuals consuming large amounts of vegetables. These enzymes hydrolyze the bonds in various fibers. Cellulase hydrolyzes glucose-glucose bonds in cellulose. By disrupting the structure of the fiber matrices that envelop most of the nutrients in plants, cellulase increases the nutritional value of fruits and vegetables. Hemicellulase and pectinase also works to macerate, or disrupt, the cell walls of fruits, vegetables, seeds and herbs. These enzymes hydrolyze non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), which can have anti-nutritive effects. NSPs have also been shown to bind digestive enzymes and inhibit mineral absorption.

Additional Amino Acids (Super Greens and Super Berry)

The protein in Living Fuel Rx has an excellent protein profile and the enzymes and cofactors work to efficiently deliver amino acids to the body. The following amino acids have been added to provide additional support of major body functions.

L-Glutamine - L-glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the human body where it functions as a major fuel source. It is one of the few amino acids that contain 2 nitrogen atoms and, as such, it is important in DNA synthesis. L-glutamine is also important for the health and function of the intestinal wall. In glutamine deficiency states there can be diarrhea, villous atrophy, mucosal ulceration, increased intestinal permeability, and intestinal necrosis. Glutamine has been shown to protect against bacterial translocation, to promote healing, and to enhance the growth and absorptive capacity of the intestinal mucosa. Glutamine is stored in muscle tissue for subsequent need by other body tissues and inhibits muscle atrophy induced by stress hormones.

L-Lysine - As mentioned, rice protein tends to be somewhat low in the amino acid lysine. The pea protein we have included in Living Fuel Rx brings the lysine levels into better balance. However, as an assurance that Living Fuel Rx has adequate levels of lysine, we have added 300 mg of pharmaceutical grade l-lysine per meal replacement serving.

Lysine is an essential amino acid needed for growth and to help maintain nitrogen balance in the body. It is concentrated in muscle tissue and helps in the absorption of calcium from the intestinal tract, the promotion of bone growth, and the formation of collagen. Collagen is an important body protein that is the basic matrix of the connective tissues, skin, cartilage, and bone. Vitamin C is needed to convert lysine into hydroxylysine, which is then incorporated into collagen. A lysine deficiency may contribute to reduced growth and immunity along with an increase in urinary calcium. Lysine is also metabolized by transaminase enzymes in the liver where its metabolism depends on the vitamins B-6, B-3, B-2, and C and on iron and glutamic acid. Furthermore, lysine interferes with the replication of herpes viruses and therefore often is prescribed by nutritionally oriented doctors to people with cold sores or genital herpes.

L-Taurine - L-taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the body. It is found in the central nervous system, skeletal muscle, and is very concentrated within the brain and heart. Taurine is synthesized from the amino acids methionine and cysteine, in conjunction with Vitamin B-6. Taurine affects cell membrane electrical excitability by normalizing potassium flow in and out of heart muscle cells. Taurine helps to maintain the correct composition of bile as well as the solubility of cholesterol. It has been found to have an effect on blood sugar levels similar to insulin. Furthermore, taurine helps to stabilize cell membranes and seems to have some antioxidant and detoxifying activity. It helps the movement of potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium in and out of cells, which helps generate nerve impulses. In addition, taurine is necessary for the chemical reactions that produce normal vision.

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Bringing Balance to Life Naturally
PO Box 5600, Oracle, AZ 85623
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